Ballpark

I am studying baseball. No, I am not trying to play baseball. I just would like to understand it.

This September I was in Oracle Park to watch the game between host San Francisco Giants and visiting team Atlanta Braves, Here are photos of Giants starting pitcher Anthony DeSclafani at various stages of the pitch.

And here is how it looked  at the other end of the pitch. Giants catcher is Buster Posey. Which player at bat from Braves team are am not sure.

Both team needed the win to stay on the top of division. Giants looked like in better position: they had best record in MLB and secured playoff at least as wild card player. Braves was under pressure of coming very close Phillies and without a chance to get a wild card place in case Phillies will be at first. But that particular day was not good for Giants. They lost 0:3. And now thirteen days later  at the end of September, position of Braves looks better compare to Giants. Braves clinched the division, while Giants is still fighting vs Dodgers to be on the first place. 

While game result was a disappointment, I became the witness of the seldom baseball event: Braves hitter Eddie Rosario hit for the cycle: single, double, triple and home run. If you  need to know what does that mean you better to consult some credible source: I myself got the knowledge about that event just when it happened. What I do know now that within ~150  years of MLB history such an event took a place only 304 times, in other words in average two times per year. To understand specialty of this event take in to account that 2430 games are played in the regular MLB season not counting the postseason.  Guess how many photos of Eddie Rosario I made during that game? No single photos, nil. Next time I will try to picture each hitter at least once. Just in case something similar occurs.

To know more about that particular game you can visit this link:

https://www.ajc.com/sports/atlanta-braves/5-takeaways-after-braves-salvage-win-against-giants/EPOILUDSL5DLLOYWAAGNZWYGLQ/

And here is just one more photo from the park. It is nice place to be especially when there is sunny September day.

Update 10/03/21. Giants won the division at the last day of the season, They beat Padres and gained 107 wins (franchise record). They will play playoff series against winner of wild card game: Dodgers (Los Angeles) or Cardinals (Sent Luis).

 

Update 10/14/21. Today Giants lost series to Dodgers while Braves still alive and will play Dodgers in National League series. In Bay Area baseball season is officially over.

  

Hare

 

I made photo of this hare (or jackrabbit -  not sure how to properly name this creature)  this September in proximity of town Williams, California. Seems like it completely ignored presence of people around.  So we came to it very close. Some excerpts of photo EXIF:

• Camera model: Pentax KP
• Lens: Pentax SMC DA 18-135mm
• Exposure time: 1/60 s
• Aperture f-stop: f8
• Focal length: 135mm
• ISO 200
• Capture Time: 9/13/2021 8:15 AM.

Eventually, when we came too close, hare raised and start to run. I tried to picture it running. That attempt was not absolutely successful and photo came out far from perfect. Still I decided to put it here just for the sake of comparison.

Run, Jackrabbit, run!

Speed Bag

 

Here is the speed bag which recently  I have added to my home gym. Speed Bag and swivel I bought online.  The rest of components came from the local Home Depot. I attached the construction to the beam, which holds the roof of our patio.

Obviously construction looks primitive and skilled boxer unlikely will approve it. But my goal is just to keep my elbows and shoulders in agile state while having some fun in the process.  This project  serves me well for that.

Camera Handle

 

On the photo above you can see small digital camera with attached handle. I believe such a handle  provides comfortable and steady grip. As a foundation of that  handle  this L-Plate used . It is not of highest  quality but is inexpensive and suites this project well. I unscrewed short side of the plate and made out of 1/4 inch plywood and metal corner four elements of the handle. One more element (aka half-cylinder) I made out of broken hammer handle.

Handle assembled as a sandwich with plywood sides and metal inserts. During assembling I applied universal glue first than fixed it with metal screw.  Then I glued half-cylinder with wooden glue and   I painted it with some dark stain. The goal was for it look old and vintage rather than new and shiny.

Assembled handle is screwed to the plate in place of its short side.

While intension was to use it for smaller mirrorless camera I have tried it with bigger DSLR and it works OK here as well.

Two against One

 

Clip above shows Attiny85 chip controlling two 10mm LEDs with the single pin. This post discusses schematic and programming of such a solution.

There are two ways to control LEDs with microcontrollers (like Attiny85).

One way would be to connect LED cathode to the chip pin and LED anode through the current limiting resistor to the power supply '+'.  To light up the LED you just need to program pin low. To turn it off  you need to program it high.

Another way would be to connect LED cathode to the ground and LED anode through the current limiting resistor to the  chip pin. To light up the LED you need to program pin high and low otherwise.

Which way to prefer? I can't tell. I myself often choose it based on how well it corresponds to controls of other devices in particular project.

But there are not that many pins on the chip like Attiny85. What if number of pin available is less than number of LEDs needed to be controlled.

On the circuit diagram above you see the method  of controlling two LEDs with single pin. It based on three important facts:

1. Any LED has some forward voltage. For Green/White 10mm used here it exceeds 3 V.
2. Microcontrollers pins may be programmed not only to provide output signal but to collect input as well, If pin is programmed for input it presents itself for external components as a circuit with very high resistance.
3. Human eye can't see light blinking if its frequency exceeds 50 Hz. If circuit switches LED off/on fast enough (more than 50 times per seconds) you will see it as always lighted.

Rules to controller LEDs here are next:

• If pin set high green LED is dark and white LED is lighted.
• If pin set low green LED is lighted and white LED is dark.
• If pin set into input mode both LEDs supposed to be dark, because sum of forward voltages on both LEDs exceeds power supply voltage,

I assembled the circuit and programmed it , but result was  disappointing. Setting pin into input mode did not turn both LEDs off, They were lighted up. The light was  less bright than normally but still visible.  Would resistors increase help? Alas not that much. LEDs dimmed a little but not fully. Obviously I need either decrease power voltage or look for LEDs with bigger forward voltage,

Then idea came to mine mind: what if I add to the circuit extra devices with some forward voltage.

Here you see each LED sequentially connected to  the silicon diode . Forward voltage of diode reaches 1 V,  which makes whole forward voltage of both (LED and silicone diode) ~ 4 V.  Obviously it is better to decrease value of resistor to keep current the same  (~20 mA). And this circuit solved the problem.  I believe it is not bad solution taking in to consideration that silicon diode cost pennies, Below you can see C program to run the test. 

#include <avr/io.h>
#define 	F_CPU   1000000UL
#include <util/delay.h>

typedef enum {OUT_LOW, OUT_HIGH} OutputLevel;

#define pinOut(bit, outLevel) \
(DDRB |= (1 << ( DDB##bit)));\
switch(outLevel) \
{\
	case OUT_LOW: (PORTB &= ~(1 << (DDB##bit))); break;\
	case OUT_HIGH: (PORTB |= (1 << (DDB##bit))); break;\
}

#define pinIn(bit) \
((DDRB &= ~(1 << (DDB##bit))),\
(PORTB &= ~(1 << (PORTB##bit))),\
(PINB & (1 << (PORTB##bit))))

int main(void)
{
    while (1) 
    {
		for (int i=0; i < 100; i++) { // White & Green
			pinOut(2,OUT_HIGH);
			_delay_ms(5.0);
			pinOut(2,OUT_LOW);
			_delay_ms(5.0);
		}
		for (int i=0; i < 100; i++) { // White
			pinOut(2,OUT_HIGH);
			_delay_ms(5.0);
			pinIn(2);
			_delay_ms(5.0);
		}
		for (int i=0; i < 100; i++) { // Green
			pinOut(2,OUT_LOW);
			_delay_ms(5.0);
			pinIn(2);
			_delay_ms(5.0);
		}
		for (int i=0; i < 100; i++) { // No light
			pinIn(2);
			_delay_ms(10.0);
		}
    }
}

But one may ask why this? Why not charlieplexing?  Indeed charlieplexing is well known technique which utilizes facts of of pin high resistance while  in input mode, and non-ability of human eye to see  high frequency light oscillation. It can provide LEDs/pin ratio not only 2 but much bigger. To compare  let us look at charlieplexing example with the same LED/pin  ratio: 2. There is need to have three pins to control six LEDs.  But how to control just four LEDs, or two? Not possible. And in addition you need to connect/solder five components to the single dot which for DYI project presents some challenge. 

So in a conclusion: even if charlieplexing is great there could be  cases when method described in this post is a valuable solution.

Update 07/05/2021. I put link to this post on the AVR subreddit . And I got some comments that there actually different schematic exists which allows to control two LEDs with the single pin without need of silicon diodes.

Indeed such circuit works perfectly. But again nothing is free. It consumes ~ 20 mA even if both LEDs are off. Meanwhile for circuit  with silicon diodes consumption during dark time is much smaller. So which circuit to choose is really question of use case and preferences.

Looking Back

 

Recently I became a proud owner of 2008 Ford Ranger (regular cab, 7 feet bed, v6 4.0 engine, automatic). The car obviously seen a lot.  Could I  prolong his life for a while? For the beginning I decided to equip it with back-up camera. On e-bay I bought Type-S solar powered kit. Kit consists of two parts:

•  License plate frame integrating back-up wireless camera, solar panels,  and battery.
• LCD monitor.

Installation of the camera was easy: first I charged its battery via phone USB charger and then installed it in a regular way in place of license plate frame. Further charge supposed to be provided by sun light.

But installing the monitor required some job. Kit had the  holder with suction cup, but that was a jock. It could not hold monitor for more than five minutes. So I needed to invent some other way.

As you can see there is some opening beneath climate control panel. Could it get some use? 

On the photo above on the left you can see supplied holder and on the right some metal part which I found at the local Ace hardware store. I have no idea for what it was made for but its size more or less matched the opening  under dashboard. I cut it a little and treat with file to make it fit.

Form the holder I removed suction cup, cut the plywood rectangle, drill in hole  under the angle ~60 degree and inserted handle rod through it. On the picture above you can see rear view of assembled construction. On the picture below  there is the side view.

Then I just pushed it into the opening under climate control panel. Metal shape is rigid enough to keep construction in place. Size of the  monitor is a good match to car dashboard. As soon as I inserted power cord into the car 12 V socket, monitor turned on and paired with camera. Done.

What can I say about the kit? So far I like it. Ability to install camera without messing up with car electrical wires is a plus. How well solar charger will work and how long battery will keep the ability to get charge? Only time will tell. Monitor screen itself is good: right size and good enough image quality. There are one small problem: Ford Ranger power socket does not turn off when ignition key is taken out. According to camera manual I should not keep monitor powered up while not driving to avoid car battery discharge. I believe that discharge should be minimal but as of now to play it safe I will remove power plug when car is parked.

 

1/4 Sized Breadboard

 

In the photo above there is Adafruit small breadboard. I found it to be a perfect match for projects utilizing Attiny85 microcontroller. 

While it is single side board, top side has copper circles around holes so components can be soldered on any side of the board. Board is not very thin and feels sturdy. Occasional soldering overheating will not damage conductor strips. Conveniently it has four strips for power and it is well suited for projects needed two voltage levels (like 5V and 12V).

So far I used such a board for two projects  made for last year Halloween  (published here). 

First project is to control two three colors LEDs. It is minimalistic: apart of controller board accommodates just three resistors. To make controller programmable in-board there is  6 pins ISP male header. I soldered pins, cut strips between two pin rows with the knife (cut is on the bottom side of the board) and wired them to corresponding pins of the the microchip.

Second project required two voltage levels (12V and 5V).  See 12V-5V stepdown power supply on the right side of the board soldered to it. There is no 6-pins ISP header on the board, Does that mean there is no way for in-board programming? Absolutely not. To make microchip in-board programable I mounted on each side of the chip female headers. Because of that board becomes suitable for AVR ISP to Attiny85 adapter  and  can  be   programmed the same as projects mounted on non-soldering breadboard.